People in Group:
Emily Cassidy
Emily Patrick
Katherine Flaningan
Quinn Collins
Amanda Reid
Part of Project : California
Monday, December 13, 2010
Tuesday, December 7, 2010
Apartheid Essay Redo
Grace Leung
11/19/10
Human Geography
Apartheid in South Africa came to an end in 1994 with the inauguration of Nelson Mandela, a black native African. Although blacks were a majority in South Africa, Apartheid gave power to the minority whites so they could rule over the black majority. Apartheid is defined as a social policy or racial segregation involving political, economic and legal discrimination against people who are not white (http://dictionary.reference.com, 2010). The South African government enforced the racial code or Apartheid in 1948. The law put down all nonwhite citizens and forced them to move sometimes by force to segregated areas to live. In 1958, blacks were denied citizenship under Apartheid. Since the majority of the population of voting citizens in South Africa were white, a clear majority consistently voted for Apartheid candidates. All resources such as education, medical care, and public services were segregated with blacks receiving inferior services to whites (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid, 2010 ). Apartheid lasted as long as it did because whites remained in positions of authority and blacks were suppressed until the election of Mandela.
The only citizens of South Africa who benefited from Apartheid were the white citizens because it enabled them to remain in positions of authority and power. The separation of whites and blacks under Apartheid meant that resources would also be separated. Because the whites had more resources such as jobs, property and education, they continued to prosper while blacks were unsuccessful. The black minority did not have the economic resources to survive on their own. They were discriminated against for jobs and soon found themselves dependent on the whites for survival. The overall goal of the authors and proponents of Apartheid was to keep the white minority in control.
The outrage at the unjust laws of Apartheid eventually led to its demise and the election of Mandela in 1994. Many artists came to support the end of Apartheid after guitarist Steven Van Zandt used an African town called Sun City as the center of his activist movement. Zandt had visited the city in the 1980s while looking for ideas for his music. He was so disgusted that he chose to write about the city in a song. Forty-nine popular artists also agreed not to play in the casino and entertainment town in South Africa (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artists_United_Against_Apartheid, 2010). Movements like these continued to grow, and ultimately helped to bring about the end of Apartheid in South Africa which culminated with the election of Mandela. As a black movement leader who was imprisoned for 27 years because he spoke out against Apartheid, it is ironic and just that he would be elected to end Apartheid only four years after his release from prison. Mandela never gave up on his belief of peace in South Africa during all his years in prison. Although Mandela only served one term as president, he continues to work with foundations established in his name. Mandela’s impact on the end of Apartheid is honored with a national holiday on the date of his election because of the importance of the freedom rights that were gained (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South Africa), 2010).
The “Truth Commission” and African National Congress, ANC, were established to ensure that Apartheid remains banned from South Africa. The “Truth Commission” convicted those who enforced or were involved in the Apartheid. This also helps to prevent those that could cause more uproar against the new government that seeks to install democracy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa),2010). Although started in the 1950’s, the ANC became stronger once Apartheid was ended. The original small group lead by several African leaders sought to abolish Apartheid, and now the worldwide organization acts as a watchdog group that fights against racism and unfair treatment of races(http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?include=docs/misc/2010/anc.html,2010). With Apartheid gone, South Africa moves closer to democracy for all.
The four decades of Apartheid will be felt in South Africa for many years to come after Mandela’s diplomatic rule. The country’s demographics still reflect the majority being black, 79%, with a minority of white, 8%, coloured, 8%, and asian , 2%. The poverty of the country is reflected in the high HIV and AIDS victims, 5.7 million (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa, 2010). Apartheid ensured that a few ruled over a majority, and in the end, no one won because the country was stripped of pride and compassion for all. Resources were hoarded and too many suffered for decades. The lessons learned from Apartheid are difficult for the South Africans, but will hopefully prevent future abuse of its most vital resource- its people
Works Cited
"ANC Tabs." ANC Tabs. Unwembi, 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?include=docs/misc/2010/anc.html>.
"Artists United Against Apartheid." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 29 Sept. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artists_United_Against_Apartheid>.
"CIA - The World Factbook." Welcome to the CIA Web Site — Central Intelligence Agency. CIA Factbook. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/sf.html>.
Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://dictionary.reference.com/>.
"Demographics of South Africa." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa>.
"Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)>.
Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom: the Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994. Print.
Work, By Painstaking. "Nelson Mandela Foundation – Memory - Biography." Nelson Mandela Foundation – Home. Nelson Mandela Foundation, 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/memory/views/biography>.
1930s, By The. "South Africa under Apartheid." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 21 Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid>.
Monday, November 22, 2010
Apartheid Essay
Grace Leung
11/19/10
Human Geography
Apartheid in South Africa came to an end in 1994 with the inauguration of Nelson Mandela, a black native African. Although blacks were a majority in South Africa, Apartheid gave power to the minority whites so they could rule over the black majority. Apartheid is defined as a social policy or racial segregation involving political, economic and legal discrimination against people who are not white (Dictionary…). The South African government enforced the racial code or Apartheid in 1948. The law put down all nonwhite citizens and forced them to move sometimes by force to segregated areas to live. In 1958, blacks were denied citizenship under Apartheid. Since the majority of the population of voting citizens in South Africa were white, a clear majority consistently voted for Apartheid candidates. All resources such as education, medical care, and public services were segregated with blacks receiving inferior services to whites(1930s…). Apartheid lasted as long as it did because whites remained in positions of authority and blacks were suppressed until the election of Mandela.
The only citizens of South Africa who benefited from Apartheid were the white citizens because it enabled them to remain in positions of authority and power. The separation of whites and blacks under Apartheid meant that resources would also be separated. Because the whites had more resources such as jobs, property and education, they continued to prosper while blacks were unsuccessful. The black minority did not have the economic resources to survive on their own. They were discriminated against for jobs and soon found themselves dependent on the whites for survival. The overall goal of the authors and proponents of Apartheid was to keep the white minority in control.
The outrage at the unjust laws of Apartheid eventually led to its demise and the election of Mandela in 1994. Many artists came to support the end of Apartheid after guitarist Steven Van Zandt used an African town called Sun City as the center of his activist movement. Zandt had visited the city in the 1980s while looking for ideas for his music. He was so disgusted that he chose to write about the city in a song. Forty-nine popular artists also agreed not to play in the casino and entertainment town in South Africa (Artists…). Movements like these continued to grow, and ultimately helped to bring about the end of Apartheid in South Africa which culminated with the election of Mandela. As a black movement leader who was imprisoned for 27 years because he spoke out against Apartheid, it is ironic and just that he would be elected to end Apartheid only four years after his release from prison. Mandela never gave up on his belief of peace in South Africa during all his years in prison. Although Mandela only served one term as president, he continues to work with foundations established in his name. Mandela’s impact on the end of Apartheid is honored with a national holiday on the date of his election because of the importance of the freedom rights that were gained (Mandela).
The “Truth Commission” and African National Congress, ANC, were established to ensure that Apartheid remains banned from South Africa. The “Truth Commission” convicted those who enforced or were involved in the Apartheid. This also helps to prevent those that could cause more uproar against the new government that seeks to install democracy (Truth…). Although started in the 1950’s, the ANC became stronger once Apartheid was ended. The original small group lead by several African leaders sought to abolish Apartheid, and now the worldwide organization acts as a watchdog group that fights against racism and unfair treatment of races(ANC…). With Apartheid gone, South Africa moves closer to democracy for all.
The four decades of Apartheid will be felt in South Africa for many years to come after Mandela’s diplomatic rule. The country’s demographics still reflect the majority being black, 79%, with a minority of white, 8%, coloured, 8%, and asian , 2%. The poverty of the country is reflected in the high HIV and AIDS victims, 5.7 million (Demographics). Apartheid ensured that a few ruled over a majority, and in the end, no one won because the country was stripped of pride and compassion for all. Resources were hoarded and too many suffered for decades. The lessons learned from Apartheid are difficult for the South Africans, but will hopefully prevent future abuse of its most vital resource- its people.
Works Cited
"ANC Tabs." ANC Tabs. Unwembi, 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?include=docs/misc/2010/anc.html>.
"Artists United Against Apartheid." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 29 Sept. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artists_United_Against_Apartheid>.
"CIA - The World Factbook." Welcome to the CIA Web Site — Central Intelligence Agency. CIA Factbook. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/sf.html>.
Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://dictionary.reference.com/>.
"Demographics of South Africa." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa>.
"Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)>.
Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom: the Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994. Print.
Work, By Painstaking. "Nelson Mandela Foundation – Memory - Biography." Nelson Mandela Foundation – Home. Nelson Mandela Foundation, 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://www.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/memory/views/biography>.
1930s, By The. "South Africa under Apartheid." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 21 Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid>.
Friday, October 29, 2010
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
Friday, October 15, 2010
Leung Food Map (Link)
Here is a Link of my map (once at the website click on my maps and it should be there)
<iframe width="425" height="350" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=h&ll=38.68551,-95.976562&spn=23.946893,37.353516&z=4&output=embed"></iframe><br /><small><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=h&ll=38.68551,-95.976562&spn=23.946893,37.353516&z=4&source=embed" style="color:#0000FF;text-align:left">View Larger Map</a></small>
Total Gas and Miles
Miles: 7,277
Gas: 169,797 gallons
<iframe width="425" height="350" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=h&ll=38.68551,-95.976562&spn=23.946893,37.353516&z=4&output=embed"></iframe><br /><small><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=h&ll=38.68551,-95.976562&spn=23.946893,37.353516&z=4&source=embed" style="color:#0000FF;text-align:left">View Larger Map</a></small>
Total Gas and Miles
Miles: 7,277
Gas: 169,797 gallons
Food Essay
Grace Leung
10/13/10
Human Geography
Outline
After learning about the production and distribution of food in America, I have had my eyes opened to the disturbing truth about where and how our food comes to us. The food production and distribution shocked me because of the many mistruths perpetuated by the food industry and the government. The mistreatment of both the farmers and their workers as well as the abuse of the animals is immoral not to mention the potential health hazards this process creates for those who are consuming the food. It is unacceptable for a society that was founded on compassion, honesty and freedom to pursue such corrupt ways of commercializing the food industry for the benefit of the corporate owners. Documentaries such as “Food, Inc “ are necessary to enlighten and educate people to the truths about sustainable and unsustainable food production.
The fact that a handful of food companies are in control of the entire food industry is alarming when considering the effects it has on the farmers and workers. The food companies are consumed with profit which means that the health and welfare of the farmers and workers is of little importance to them. It is particularly disturbing how much the profit has affected the slaughter process involving cows and chickens. In the name of profit, cows that are sick or dying of disease are still slaughtered and used to make the hamburger meat we eat. Chickens are put in large rooms with no light and given vitamins to make them grow faster. The chickens are fattened so much that they cannot even walk. Many die of diseases in these enclosed houses. Migrant workers are being used to collect these chickens in the dark which threatens the workers’ health. Farmers are forced to produce large quantities of cows and chickens because they are losing money as the price drops for each animal. Generations of farmers are being forced to mass produce their animals or leave the farming industry. Farmers are scared of losing the business and no longer take pride in their farming. The hold that these few large corporations have on the farmer and their workers is similar to a monopoly. Farmers who complain or share their concerns with the press are terminated and lose the business as well as their farms. The poor treatment of farmers and workers appears to be of no concern to the profiting food owners.
Another alarming concern with the profit seeking food corporations involves the health hazards to the consumer. The cows and chickens that are being processes with illnesses will be passed onto the consumer. Many pesticides go into the farming causing harmful impacts on our ecology and in our food. Over and over again, the news has shared with the public that food is contaminated. Consumers are dying because they are getting sick from the food whether it is because of how it was raised or how it was processed. Yet, the food corporations are not taking any responsibility. They are not changing their ways or offering to spend more money by growing organically. Buying organic food is a way out of buying these harmful substances.
The issue of food sustainability is real and important to each of us. Sustainability refers to the continuous production of food without interruption. The freshness of food in terms of sustainability is affected by closeness to where it is produced and sold. A food produced closer to its destination will be fresher and safer to eat. If a product is made farther away, there is a great chance that it will not last as long and could potentially produce disease that could be harmful to the consumer. Many types of meat rot because of the amount of time spent transporting the meat to its destination. As a relative healthy teenager who consumes food on a regular basis, I would prefer to buy the more sustainable food that is produced closer to my home. We have a number of coop groups in our area that allow families to buy directly from the farmer. We also have access to farmers markets. Even though it is more convenient for us to collect our food from a single grocery store than making arrangements to collect it from several farmers, the sustainability of the food we consume makes the latter option the best choice. In addition to choosing to eat from a local coop or buy food from a farmer’s market, I have decided to eat organic because it is less harmful to me and the environment. If I am unable to purchase local produce and meat that are organically raised, then I can check for a USDA tag on the label from the store.
Sunday, October 10, 2010
Food Notebook
Grace Leung
10/4/10
Human Geo
Food Notebook !
Everything was purchased from Shoprite
Drank Tap Water for Drinks
Drank Tap Water for Drinks
10/4/10
Breakfast: Honey Nut Cheerios (Produced by General Mills Cereal Company, factories all over the nation) and 2% Milk
Lunch: Hamburger from John Carroll Cafeteria
Dinner: Fried Rice from Asian Court Restaurant
10/5/10
Breakfast: Honey Nut Cheerios and 2% Milk
Lunch: Processed Turkey (Skay- locally grown brand) on Wheat Bread (Grown all over the nation example; Pennsylvania)
Dinner: Pizza from My Three Sons
10/6/10
Breakfast: Honey Nut Cheerios
Lunch: Processed Turkey on Wheat Bread
Dinner: Tacos (Meats come from California/ There is not a specific brand)
10/7/10
Breakfast: Honey Nut Cheerios and 2% Milk
Lunch : Processed Turkey on Wheat Bread
Dinner: (Tyson) Chicken Strips
Monday, September 27, 2010
Grace Leung
8/31/10
Human Geo Homework
Terms:
Globalization-to extend to all or other parts of the globe; make worldwide
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/globalization
Humanity- all human beings collectively
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/humanity
Culture- the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/culture
Civilization- an advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached
History- the branch of knowledge dealing with past events
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/History
Friday, September 17, 2010
Thursday, September 16, 2010
Wednesday, September 15, 2010
Wednesday, September 8, 2010
Sophie Centi, Emma Wall, Grace Leung
The Effect 9-11 had on Air Travel Internationally
On September 11, 2001 three of the United States most prized and cherished buildings were bombed, within the same hour. This disaster changed air travel internationally forever. At around 9:00 in the morning on a regular day, the World Trade Centers in New York were bombed. Then within the hour the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia was bombed. These two disasters, were not an accident, one very important fact that shocked the world was both trade centers were hit by terrorists flying airplanes. The airplane prices, amount of security, to the amount of airplanes flying were greatly affected by the 9/11 terrorism attack. Air travel was affected internationally forever.
Previous to September 11, 2001, airport security was not as secure as it should have been. Undercover agents were able to surpass security and get through with concealed weapons. Also many doors that were past security were not guarded. Anyone could walk right through and get on a plane. “In one situation, a worker opened the door, allowing him near the planes. One agent even boarded a plane sitting empty on the ramp” (“Airport Security Before 9/11”). The pilot and crew did not have to show their ID badges as they went through security. The planes were not very safe either. Passengers were given the option to use restrooms next to the cockpit. “Airlines allowed sharp objects like kitchen knives for the attendants to use when cutting food” (“Before911”). The doors to the cockpit of the plane were not reinforced and were easy to break down. Also, airlines did not screen all of the luggage that would be going onto the plane. Security in airports and on planes was not as safe as it should have been. There were many ways around it, making traveling airlines very unsafe.
The surprise attack on September 11, 2001 was a devastating event to the United States. A little before 9 A.M., it was a regular day in New York City, when all of a sudden a hijacked plane crashed into the twin towers. (Gotham Gazette). Everybody was in shock and many people didn’t know what was happening. The Gotham Gazette states, “At 10 A.M., the first building collapsed. It was slow motion movie-life; an explosion of flames, the building crumbling, the great rumble reaching the crowd, and then a cloud of ash, first in a bubble low to the ground.” The terrorist from the group Al Qaeda picked buildings that would affect the country the most such as the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. September 11, 2001, was an unfortunate event that will remain in history forever.
The attack on the World Trade Centers and the Pentagon affected the airport security in ways such that there were less people flying internationally and the security was much stricter. Starting in about 1983, many more people were starting to fly internationally. The number of people greatly increased all the way up to 2001, when Al Qaeda hijacked the planes. In 2001, there was a major decrease in people flying. The security had a drastic change after the attack on 9/11. Now, people have to show their ID and boarding tickets at the front of the security line. (LHMSHome). Everyone has to follow many specifications. Rules like only having one carry on per passenger, no sharp objects, and no liquids were applied. (LHMSHome). Also, there are metal detectors you have to walk through. Passengers must take off their shoes, belts, watches, hats, and anything else metal. (LHMSHome). Not only was there more security in the airport, but also in the airplane itself. To make sure the flight attendants and pilot were safe, there were cockpits that were bulletproof and able to be locked created. Pilots were then allowed to carry guns to keep themselves secure. (Airport Security Since 9/11). This attack changed airport security and travel tremendously.
Through a great amount of research, it is shown that security increased by a great amount. In 2000, before the attack anyone could take a weapon onto a plane or board a plane with barely any trouble. After the attack it takes a much longer time to board and every single object that can be used as a weapon is confiscated. This is just one example of how 9/11 changed international air travel. Another part of air travel that changed was the amount of flyers which decreased by a great amount after the attack. The prices of air travel did not change at all due to the fact that the bombings did not affect the price of flying by a great amount. The 9/11 terrorist bombing was a tragedy that changed international air travel in many different ways, effecting it forever.
Citations:
""Airport Security Before 9/11"" California Aviation Alliance. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://archives.californiaaviation.org/airport/msg26221.html>.
"Before911." LHMSHome. Web. 09 Sept. 2010. <http://lakeharbormiddle.stpsb.org/AirportSecuritySite Files/Before911Page.htm>.
Cornwell, Derehk, and Bryan Roberts. "The 9/11 Terrorist Attack and Overseas Travel to the United States:Initial Impacts and Longer-Run Recovery." Working Paper Mar. 2010. Web. 8 Sept. 2010. <http://http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ois_ni_911_wp.pdf>.
"Gotham Gazette -- Twin Towers Attack." Gotham Gazette - the Place for New York City Policy and Politics. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://www.gothamgazette.com/specialreport/>.
"After911." LHMSHome. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://lakeharbormiddle.stpsb.org/AirportSecuritySite Files/After911Page.htm>.
"Air Traffic - NextGen Briefing." FAA: Home. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/briefing/>.
"Airport Security since 9/11: How Far Have We Come?" Access Control & Security System Solutions
Security News for Security Industry, Access Control, Theft Prevention, Alarm Professionals. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. http://securitysolutions.com/news/security_airport_security_far/.
Pictures:
http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Politics/pages/9-11-celebrations-on-pace-for-record-year-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html
https://pod51000.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=4e0f0e3862114e75b9ffdb5fbc5df8e6&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.globalsecurity.org%2fsecurity%2fprofiles%2f9-11.htm
http://www.clublexus.com/forums/the-clubhouse/452162-9-11-we-will-not-forget.html
The Effect 9-11 had on Air Travel Internationally
On September 11, 2001 three of the United States most prized and cherished buildings were bombed, within the same hour. This disaster changed air travel internationally forever. At around 9:00 in the morning on a regular day, the World Trade Centers in New York were bombed. Then within the hour the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia was bombed. These two disasters, were not an accident, one very important fact that shocked the world was both trade centers were hit by terrorists flying airplanes. The airplane prices, amount of security, to the amount of airplanes flying were greatly affected by the 9/11 terrorism attack. Air travel was affected internationally forever.
Previous to September 11, 2001, airport security was not as secure as it should have been. Undercover agents were able to surpass security and get through with concealed weapons. Also many doors that were past security were not guarded. Anyone could walk right through and get on a plane. “In one situation, a worker opened the door, allowing him near the planes. One agent even boarded a plane sitting empty on the ramp” (“Airport Security Before 9/11”). The pilot and crew did not have to show their ID badges as they went through security. The planes were not very safe either. Passengers were given the option to use restrooms next to the cockpit. “Airlines allowed sharp objects like kitchen knives for the attendants to use when cutting food” (“Before911”). The doors to the cockpit of the plane were not reinforced and were easy to break down. Also, airlines did not screen all of the luggage that would be going onto the plane. Security in airports and on planes was not as safe as it should have been. There were many ways around it, making traveling airlines very unsafe.
The surprise attack on September 11, 2001 was a devastating event to the United States. A little before 9 A.M., it was a regular day in New York City, when all of a sudden a hijacked plane crashed into the twin towers. (Gotham Gazette). Everybody was in shock and many people didn’t know what was happening. The Gotham Gazette states, “At 10 A.M., the first building collapsed. It was slow motion movie-life; an explosion of flames, the building crumbling, the great rumble reaching the crowd, and then a cloud of ash, first in a bubble low to the ground.” The terrorist from the group Al Qaeda picked buildings that would affect the country the most such as the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. September 11, 2001, was an unfortunate event that will remain in history forever.
The attack on the World Trade Centers and the Pentagon affected the airport security in ways such that there were less people flying internationally and the security was much stricter. Starting in about 1983, many more people were starting to fly internationally. The number of people greatly increased all the way up to 2001, when Al Qaeda hijacked the planes. In 2001, there was a major decrease in people flying. The security had a drastic change after the attack on 9/11. Now, people have to show their ID and boarding tickets at the front of the security line. (LHMSHome). Everyone has to follow many specifications. Rules like only having one carry on per passenger, no sharp objects, and no liquids were applied. (LHMSHome). Also, there are metal detectors you have to walk through. Passengers must take off their shoes, belts, watches, hats, and anything else metal. (LHMSHome). Not only was there more security in the airport, but also in the airplane itself. To make sure the flight attendants and pilot were safe, there were cockpits that were bulletproof and able to be locked created. Pilots were then allowed to carry guns to keep themselves secure. (Airport Security Since 9/11). This attack changed airport security and travel tremendously.
Through a great amount of research, it is shown that security increased by a great amount. In 2000, before the attack anyone could take a weapon onto a plane or board a plane with barely any trouble. After the attack it takes a much longer time to board and every single object that can be used as a weapon is confiscated. This is just one example of how 9/11 changed international air travel. Another part of air travel that changed was the amount of flyers which decreased by a great amount after the attack. The prices of air travel did not change at all due to the fact that the bombings did not affect the price of flying by a great amount. The 9/11 terrorist bombing was a tragedy that changed international air travel in many different ways, effecting it forever.
Citations:
""Airport Security Before 9/11"" California Aviation Alliance. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://archives.californiaaviation.org/airport/msg26221.html>.
"Before911." LHMSHome. Web. 09 Sept. 2010. <http://lakeharbormiddle.stpsb.org/AirportSecuritySite Files/Before911Page.htm>.
Cornwell, Derehk, and Bryan Roberts. "The 9/11 Terrorist Attack and Overseas Travel to the United States:Initial Impacts and Longer-Run Recovery." Working Paper Mar. 2010. Web. 8 Sept. 2010. <http://http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ois_ni_911_wp.pdf>.
"Gotham Gazette -- Twin Towers Attack." Gotham Gazette - the Place for New York City Policy and Politics. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://www.gothamgazette.com/specialreport/>.
"After911." LHMSHome. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://lakeharbormiddle.stpsb.org/AirportSecuritySite Files/After911Page.htm>.
"Air Traffic - NextGen Briefing." FAA: Home. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/briefing/>.
"Airport Security since 9/11: How Far Have We Come?" Access Control & Security System Solutions
Security News for Security Industry, Access Control, Theft Prevention, Alarm Professionals. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. http://securitysolutions.com/news/security_airport_security_far/.
Pictures:
http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Politics/pages/9-11-celebrations-on-pace-for-record-year-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html
https://pod51000.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=4e0f0e3862114e75b9ffdb5fbc5df8e6&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.globalsecurity.org%2fsecurity%2fprofiles%2f9-11.htm
http://www.clublexus.com/forums/the-clubhouse/452162-9-11-we-will-not-forget.html
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